- Present Perfect
- ! Маркеры
- ever
- never
- just
- already
- yet
- today
- this morning
- so far
- once
- twice
- Примеры
- Have you ever played the piano
- I have never done such a diffical job
- He has just called me
- We have already discussed the problem
- He hasn’t told me the news yet
- I haven’t seen her today
- Have you been abroad this summer
- I haven’t had dinner so far (пока что)
- I have seen this film twice
- Слова lately и recently
- He has been very nervous lately
- We have made grain progress recently
- Предлоги for an hour, for many years, for a long time, for the last few days
- I haven’t spoken to him for the last 3 days
- She hasn’t had a proper rest for a long time
- Предлог since
- He hasn’t called me since September
- Также наречие since
- He moved to a new flat and hasn’t called me since
- He hasn’t called me since he moved to a new flat
- Вопросительная форма образуется при помощи have и has
- Has he been walking here along?
- Have you been doing anything special lately?
- Present Perfect делает акцент на завершении действия и результате действия
- Present Perfect Continuous делает акцент на действии и его продолжительности
- He has planted 5 apple trees today.
- He has been planting apple trees all day
- Если в предложении есть указание на то, сколько раз совершалось действие, употребляется Present Perfect
- I have read this book 2 or 3 times today
- I have been reading a lot lately
- Present Perfect употребляется в вопросах how much, how many, how many times
- Present Perfect Continuous употребляется в вопросах how long - действие, которое еще продолжается
- How many pages of this magazine has he read?
- How long has he been reading this magazine?
- Past simple
- в вопросах, начинающихся с when, what time
- When did the child called him?
- What time did you have lunch?
- Когда речь идет о происхождении чего-либо, об открытиях, об изобретениях
- Who gave you this advice?
- The French invented the cinema
- For a long time - сколько, long ago - когда
- They have been married for a long time
- They got married long ago
- Past Continuous делает акцент на процессе действия
- Past Simple говорит о самом факте совершения действия
- At 7 o’clock last night he was returning at home
- At 7 o’clock last night he returned home
- When Tom called I was telling that story
- When Tom called I tolled him that story
- Выражение все утро / весь вечер - Past Simple, Past Continuous
- She watched TV all evening
- She was watching TV all evening
- В предложениях я читал вчера 3 часа или он играл на пианино 5 часов
- I played the piano for 3 hours
- He read for 5 hours yesterday
- Если речь идет не о действиях, а о состояниях, наступивших к определенному моменту в прошлом, употребляется Past Simple
- They didn’t know anything by this time yet
- They didn’t find anything by that time yet
- Но если указано, сколько длится это состояние к определенному моменту в прошлом, это Past Perfect
- When I arrived Nick was already there
- When I arrived Nick had been there for 1 hour
- Если действия представлены в их реальной последовательности → Past Simple
- He lost the key and couldn’t get into the house
- I couldn’t get into the house because he had lost the key
- Слова lately и recently - Present Perfect
- He has been very nervious lately
- We have made great progress recently
- Указание на весь период действия с предлогом for
- For an hour, for many years, for the last few days, for a long time, for ages
- I haven’t spoken to him for the last two days
- She hasn’t had a proper rest for a long time
- Указание на момент, с которого действие началось, этот момент обозначается словом since (наречие с тех пор и предлог с)
- She hasn’t called me since September
- He moved to a new flat in September, and hasn’t called me since
- He hasn’t called me since he moved to a new flat
- Present Perfect делает акцент на завершении и результате действия
- Present Perfect Continuous делает акцент на самом действии или его продолжительности
- Если в предложении есть указание на то, сколько раз длилось действие, употребляется только Present perfect
- I have read this book three times
- I have been reading a lot lately
- Present perfect употребляется в вопросах How much, How many, How many times, когда речь идет о завершенных действиях
- Present perfect continuous употребляется в вопросах How long, когда речь идет о действиях, которые еще продолжаются
- How many pages of this magasine has he read
- How long has been reading this magasin
- Для описания очень давно продолжающейся или продолжительной ситуации предпочтительно употреблять Present perfect
- She has lived in this town all her life
- Our neibours have been living here for just a few days
- Past simple с указанием точного времени:
- yesterday, last night, at 5, the other day, just now, a week
- He finished school 2 years ago
- My dad returned home very late last night
- в вопросах, начинающихся с When, What time
- When did the child fell ill?
- What time did you have lunch?
- когда речь идет об открытиях, изобретении, происхождении чего-либо
- Who gave you this advice?
- The french invented the sinema
- когда указания точного времени нет, но оно подразумевается
- I have discussed the project with my boss.
- What did you say?
- I didn’t know my granny. We didn’t meet while she was alive.
- независимо от наличия слов и оборотов, характерных для present perfect, это время нельзя употреблять в контексте прошедшего времени
- She hasn’t been working at school for a many years
- She worked at school for a 3 years and then quit
- I have been to the zoo twice
- I was in zoo twice in my childhood
- for a long time (сколько), a long ago (когда)
- They have been married for a long time
- They got married long ago
- I have been reading this book for a long time
- I read the book long ago
- Past continuous делает акцент на процессе действия, past simple на факте совершения действия. При этом и Past continuous и past simple могут употребляться с одним и тем же указанием действия
- At 7 o’clock last night he was returning home
- At 7 o’clock last night he returned home
- В сложных предложениях Past continuous употребляется для описания ситуации в прошлом, а для выражения законченных действий в этой ситуации употребляется Past simple
- Just I was leaving the office he arrived
- I was returning home when it started raining heavily
- Не путать подобные предложения с простой последовательностью действий
- When Tom called I was telling that story
- When Tom called I told him that story
- С выражениями все утро, весь вечер употребляется Past simple и past continuous
- She watched / was watching TV all evening
- It showed / was showing all day
- В предложениях типа я играла на пианино 3 часа, я читал вчера 5 часов употребляется past simple
- I played the piano for 3 hours
- He read for 3 hours yeasterday
- Past perfect
- указанием времени с предлогом by
- She had written the essay by 6 o’clock
- Если в предложении идет речь не о действиях, а о состоянии, употребляется Past simple
- They didn’t know anything by that time yet
- They hadn’t found anything by that time yet
- Но если указано, сколько длится состояние к указанному моменту, обязательно употребление past perfect
- When I arrived, Nick was already there
- When I arrived Nick had been there for an hour
- Если действия представлены в их реальной последовательности, то употребляется past simple
- He lost the key and couldn’t get into the house
- He couldn’t gat into the house because he had lost the key